Expanding understanding of disease mechanisms and treatment
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EULAR – The European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology – held its 2026 annual Congress in London, where gout was high on the agenda. Current guidelines recommend lifelong urate-lowering therapy (ULT) in a treat-to-target (T2T) strategy to maintain remission, although there is some scope for discussing tapering or discontinuation if remission is achieved.^1-3 But in gout, T2T relies on dose titration guided by serial serum urate measurements.² New data presented explored remission rates for ULT and T2T continuation compared to discontinuation, while other groups focused on comorbidities – specifically the association of regional body fat stores and muscle composition with risk of incident gout and rheumatoid arthritis.

Despite inclusion in guidelines, evidence of superiority of a continued ULT T2T strategy during remission is lacking. In clinical practice, adherence to ULT is often poor, and discontinuation common. At the 2026 annual EULAR Congress in London, new data were shared from an open-label, randomised superiority trial across nine rheumatology clinics in the Netherlands, assessing whether continued T2T with ULT was superior to attempting a ULT discontinuation strategy in maintaining remission in 309 gout patients. Results showed that during the final 6-month follow-up period (from a total of 24 months), a substantial proportion remained flare-free after ULT discontinuation: remission criteria were met in 79.2% in the continued ULT T2T group compared with 62.9% in the ULT discontinuation attempt group. Patients continuing ULT remained flare-free for longer over 24 months, with a cumulative flare incidence of 12.3% compared with 31.8% in the ULT discontinuation attempt group. In the ULT discontinuation group, 23% restarted ULT after a median of 392 days, and more participants needed anti-inflammatory medication compared with the ULT T2T continuation group. There was a modest kidney function benefit observed with ULT T2T continuation during remission.

Presenting the work, Iris Rose Peeters said “These findings support current recommendations to continue ULT during remission at the population level. The results will inform shared decision-making discussions. However, future research will need to explore longer-term outcomes and safety – and predictors of discontinuation success – given that a substantial proportion of patients remained in remission – as well as assessing cost-effectiveness.”

Obesity is a major risk factor for gout, increases the risk of rheumatoid arthritis, and is a key driver of comorbidities including type 2 diabetes (T2D) and coronary heart disease (CHD) – but the mechanisms remain incompletely understood. More knowledge around this would help to better predict and target treatment. A poster from Lyn D. Ferguson and colleagues shared at the meeting used MRI scans from the UK Biobank to explore differences in body fat distribution and muscle composition to see whether this could provide insights into the role of obesity in development of gout, rheumatoid arthritis, and associated cardiometabolic comorbidities.

Key measures were compared amongst 281 people with gout, 308 with rheumatoid arthritis, and controls free of metabolic disease matched for age, sex, and body mass index. The findings showed that people with gout had metabolically adverse body fat distribution – with greater visceral, liver, and muscle fat, while those with rheumatoid arthritis had greater fat infiltration of muscle. These adverse body-fat distributions were associated with greater propensity to T2D and CHD in gout and rheumatoid arthritis compared to matched controls and warrant further study as potential mechanisms for greater susceptibility to cardiometabolic disease in rheumatic disease. In a separate analysis of individuals without gout or rheumatoid arthritis at baseline, the authors also showed that storing more fat viscerally, in the liver, in the muscle, and less subcutaneously, was associated with greater risk of developing gout. Storing more fat in the muscle together with a low muscle volume was associated with greater risk of rheumatoid arthritis.

Effective weight management and helping patients increase activity to aid muscle quality should be integral to management and prevention of gout and rheumatoid arthritis. This is in line with EULAR recommendations, which suggest maintaining a healthy weight and highlight the benefit of exercise across rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases – including gout and rheumatoid arthritis – and state that people who are overweight or obese should work with health professionals to achieve controlled and intentional weight loss as this may be beneficial for rheumatic disease outcomes⁴

Source
Peeters IR, et al. Treat−to−target continuation of urate−lowering therapy versus a urate−lowering therapy discontinuation attempt strategy in gout patients in remission (GO TEST Finale): a pragmatic open label randomised superiority trial. Presented at EULAR 2026; OP0001. Ann Rheum Dis 2026; DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2026-eular.B.833.

Ferguson LD, et al. Gout and rheumatoid arthritis are associated with adverse body fat distribution and muscle composition. Presented at EULAR 2026; POS0803. Ann Rheum Dis 2026; DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2026-eular.B.2584.

References

1. Richette P, et al. 2016 updated EULAR evidence-based recommendations for the management of gout. Ann Rheum Dis 2017;76:29–42. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209707.
2. FitzGerald JD, et al. 2020 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Management of Gout. Arthritis Care Res 2020;72:744–60. DOI: 10.1002/acr.24180.
3. Kiltz U, et al. Treat-to-target (T2T) recommendations for gout. Ann Rheum Dis 2017;76(4):632–8. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209467.
4. Gwinnutt JM, et al. 2021 EULAR recommendations regarding lifestyle behaviours and work participation to prevent progression of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases.
   

About EULAR
EULAR is the European umbrella organisation representing scientific societies, health professional associations and organisations for people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs). EULAR aims to reduce the impact of RMDs on individuals and society, as well as improve RMD treatments, prevention, and rehabilitation. To this end, EULAR fosters excellence in rheumatology education and research, promotes the translation of research advances into daily care, and advocates for the recognition of the needs of those living with RMDs by EU institutions.

Contact
EULAR Communications, communications@eular.org