https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.15212/ZOONOSES-2025-0073
Announcing a new article publication for
Zoonoses journal. Zoonotic tuberculosis (TB) caused by members of the
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) remains an important but under-recognized public health concern in settings where humans and livestock closely interact. Although TB transmission is well documented in Tanzania, limited molecular evidence directly linking livestock infections to human cases leaves uncertainty regarding the extent of cross-species and reverse-zoonotic transmission. This study assessed the prevalence, species distribution, and potential interspecies transmission of MTBC among livestock and humans across five regions of Tanzania.
A total of 132 post-mortem livestock samples and 101 human samples were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for MTBC detection and species differentiation. The MTBC detection rate in livestock was 2.3%, with all positive cases identified in cattle. Among humans, MTBC positivity was 20.8% and occurred primarily among adults aged 35–54 years. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and a history of TB were strongly associated with MTBC positivity (p<0.001), whereas exposures such as consumption of unpasteurized milk, livestock contact, and household ventilation showed no significant associations.
The findings suggest ongoing MTBC circulation at the human–livestock interface and potential zoonotic transmission risk. Strengthened One Health surveillance is recommended to mitigate zoonotic and reverse-zoonotic TB transmission in Tanzania.
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Zoonoses is fully open access journal for research scientists, physicians, veterinarians, and public health professionals working on diverse disciplinaries of zoonotic diseases. Please visit
https://zoonoses-journal.org/ to learn more about the journal.
Zoonoses is now open for submissions; articles can be submitted online at
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There are no author submission or article processing fees.
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eISSN 2737-7474
ISSN 2737-7466
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Lomitu Kirika, Anthony Kavindi and Togolani Maya et al. Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of MTBC at the Human-Livestock Interface Across Five Regions of Tanzania.
Zoonoses. 2026. Vol. 6(1). DOI: 10.15212/ZOONOSES-2025-0073