揭示葬于门加(Menga)巨石墓中一名具有伊比利亚、地中海与北非混合血统个体
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揭示葬于门加(Menga)巨石墓中一名具有伊比利亚、地中海与北非混合血统个体


塞维利亚大学 ATLAS 研究团队(HUM-694)参与了一项考古基因组学研究。该研究由英国哈德斯菲尔德大学、伦敦大学(弗朗西斯·克里克研究所)以及美国哈佛大学共同开展,该研究公布了两名成年中世纪男性的遗传祖源数据。这两名个体埋葬于西班牙马拉加省安特克拉的门加巨石墓前庭,年代为公元8至11世纪安达卢斯时期。本研究基于 ATLAS 研究小组团队此前的研究成果,这些成果介绍两名个体葬礼背景、体质人类学特征以及放射性碳年代测定结果。两人以高度仪式化方式埋葬在新石器时代大型巨石墓入口处,头部朝向墓室内部。该研究已发表在《考古科学报告》(Journal of Archaeological Science Reports)期刊上。

在本次研究中,研究人员分析了两名中世纪个体DNA,他们通过放射性碳测定被确定为公元8至11世纪,埋葬位置位于与巨石墓对称轴一致的前庭区域。DNA 含量极低且高度降解,这与此前在伊比利亚地中海地区史前及历史时期观察结果一致。尽管如此,通过使用 SNP 富集技术——一种在 DNA 极度降解或含量极低时仍可获取有效遗传信息的方法——研究人员成功获取了其中一名个体的遗传谱系特征。

该个体表现出典型的欧洲人群单亲遗传谱系,但其线粒体 DNA(mtDNA)谱系与现代北非个体共享;在常染色体层面上,也显示出北非和黎凡特地区的祖源成分,这与该时期该地区的总体趋势一致。在其线粒体 DNA 谱系中,该个体与一名现代阿尔及利亚莫扎比特族(Mozabite)个体的序列共享两处突变。莫扎比特人是阿尔及利亚北部姆扎卜山谷的本土柏柏尔族群,拥有自己的语言(莫扎比特语,是柏柏尔语的一种变体),目前人口约为15万至30万。因而,该个体的基因组分析反映了安达卢斯社会在遗传、人口与文化层面的多样性。

该研究还基于结合考古和历史资料,对这些葬仪礼俗提出了新的解释,并将其置于更为宏观的考古背景之中,也就是中世纪时期对史前纪念性建筑的再利用——这一现象在伊比利亚地区已有大量文献记载。所收集到的研究数据表明,在这两个人被安葬的时期,门加巨石墓很可能被用作隐修所或圣所(伊斯兰圣人祠,morabito)。

门加巨石墓是位于西班牙马拉加省安特克拉的联合国教科文组织世界遗产的一部分,建造于公元前第四千纪的新石器时代,,但其使用和活动历史绵延至近现代历史时期。事实上,这座大型巨石墓很可能自公元前3800年至公元前3600年建成以来,一直持续被用作神圣或是葬礼用途的空间使用。

Silva, M.; García Sanjuán, L.; Fichera, A.; Oteo-Garcia, G.; George,G.; Foody, B.; Mora Molina, M.; Fernández Rodríguez, L. E.; Navarrete Pendón, V.; Bennison, A. K.; Pala, M.; Soares, P.; Reich, D.; Edwards, C. J. y Richards, M. B. (2026): “Genetic and historical perspectives on the early medieval inhumations from Menga Dolmen, Antequera (Spain)", Journal of Archaeological Science Reports 69. ISSN: 2352-409X
Regions: Europe, Spain
Keywords: Humanities, Archaeology

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