西班牙与葡萄牙两国70%的公民坦言对数字虚假信息深感忧虑
en-GBde-DEes-ESfr-FR

西班牙与葡萄牙两国70%的公民坦言对数字虚假信息深感忧虑


马德里卡洛斯三世大学(UC3M)参与的"智能投票"(SmartVote)项目研究团队最新发布的研究报告,深入剖析了数字虚假信息在两国选举进程中的影响。研究不仅揭示了社会对信息操纵日益加剧的担忧,更发现Z世代(18至24岁青年群体)对传统信息来源及人工智能(AI)新兴工具均表现出高度警惕。

这项研究作为"智能投票"项目的重要组成部分,汇集了来自六个机构的二十余位西葡学者。团队正在研发一款能识别图片视频篡改、追踪误导性民调传播、甄别断章取义与选举骗局的智能工具。"选举舞弊是最常见的虚假话术,"UC3M传播系研究员、报告合著者卡罗琳娜·费尔南德斯·卡斯特里略(Carolina Fernández Castrillo)指出,"政党对虚假信息的推波助澜是其扩散并取信于人的关键推手。"

研究特别指出,西班牙Vox党与葡萄牙Chega党等极右翼势力,是社交平台虚假内容的主要策源地。"伊比利亚半岛在虚假信息传播上呈现显著同质化特征,"报告协调人、葡萄牙通信观察组织(OberCom)研究员米格尔·派萨纳(Miguel Paisana)分析称,"这些政党采用雷同的虚假信息架构与叙事策略。"

作为SmartVote项目首份研究成果,该报告除UC3M与OberCom外,更获葡萄牙新闻工作者职业培训中心(CENJOR)、西班牙开放编辑俱乐部(CLABE)及马德里理工大学(UPM)鼎力支持,整个伊比利亚联盟项目由网络志愿者基金会牵头。

“项目的跨国特性使得参与干预的复杂度倍增,”报告作者们强调,“西班牙面临更严峻的政治极化,但制度性反制措施也更为完善;葡萄牙虽极化程度较低,却日益暴露在政治动荡与数字虚假信息的双重威胁下,监管体系也更为脆弱。”派萨纳补充道:“近年来两国提前选举渐成常态,导致执政周期缩短,政治稳定性持续恶化。”

媒体信任度调查显示:西班牙选民更依赖社交网络获取选举资讯,电视仅居次席;葡萄牙则呈现完全相反的媒介使用习惯。值得注意的是,葡萄牙民众对新闻媒体的信任度(56%)显著高于西班牙(33%),而西班牙年轻群体中这一数值更骤降至19%。研究还发现显著的性别差异——年轻女性对AI生成选举新闻的接纳度明显偏低。

针对虚假信息顽疾,报告力主推进跨代际的媒介素养教育。“虚假信息直接腐蚀民主质量,扭曲选民意向。英国脱欧等案例已为我们敲响警钟,”来自UC3M传播系、报告合著者劳尔·马加隆·罗萨(Raúl Magallón Rosa)强调,“这不仅是辨识骗局的技巧问题,更是理解选举机制、培养批判性信息获取能力的系统工程。”

研究团队系统评估了125项反虚假信息举措,其中52项已应用人工智能或机器学习技术。诸如AI4Trust、AI-CODE等欧洲项目通过融合AI技术与人工核验机制,在提升信息质量、辅助媒体工作方面成效卓著。"尽管AI在内容自动检测方面潜力巨大,"报告警示道,"但其应用始终伴随着透明度、言论自由与隐私保护的伦理争议。"

智能投票项目规划了三重防线:首先是媒介素养普及;其次面向记者、新闻系学生及关选举虚假信息的青年群体开展专项教育;最终将推出互联网虚假信息智能识别工具。

视频: https://youtu.be/S2sEQya9NKs?si=oC90dSLm182sG_Xy

参考文献:Paisana, M., et al. (2025). Report on Social Media Disinformation in Spanish, Portuguese and EU elections and detection tools. SmartVote. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15305356  
Attached files
  • 数字虚假图像
Regions: Europe, Spain, European Union and Organisations, Portugal
Keywords: Business, Culture, media & publishing, Universities & research, Arts, Media & multimedia, Society, Politics

Disclaimer: AlphaGalileo is not responsible for the accuracy of content posted to AlphaGalileo by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the AlphaGalileo system.

Testimonials

For well over a decade, in my capacity as a researcher, broadcaster, and producer, I have relied heavily on Alphagalileo.
All of my work trips have been planned around stories that I've found on this site.
The under embargo section allows us to plan ahead and the news releases enable us to find key experts.
Going through the tailored daily updates is the best way to start the day. It's such a critical service for me and many of my colleagues.
Koula Bouloukos, Senior manager, Editorial & Production Underknown
We have used AlphaGalileo since its foundation but frankly we need it more than ever now to ensure our research news is heard across Europe, Asia and North America. As one of the UK’s leading research universities we want to continue to work with other outstanding researchers in Europe. AlphaGalileo helps us to continue to bring our research story to them and the rest of the world.
Peter Dunn, Director of Press and Media Relations at the University of Warwick
AlphaGalileo has helped us more than double our reach at SciDev.Net. The service has enabled our journalists around the world to reach the mainstream media with articles about the impact of science on people in low- and middle-income countries, leading to big increases in the number of SciDev.Net articles that have been republished.
Ben Deighton, SciDevNet

We Work Closely With...


  • e
  • The Research Council of Norway
  • SciDevNet
  • Swiss National Science Foundation
  • iesResearch
Copyright 2025 by AlphaGalileo Terms Of Use Privacy Statement