激光新技术革新超高温陶瓷制造工艺
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激光新技术革新超高温陶瓷制造工艺


来自北卡罗来纳州立大学(NC State)的研究团队展示了一项新型激光制造技术,能够制备耐超高温的陶瓷材料,适用于从核能技术到航天飞行器与喷气推进系统等多个领域。该技术可用于制备陶瓷涂层、陶瓷瓦片,甚至是复杂的三维结构,为新一代高性能器件和工程系统的设计提供了更大的灵活性。
“烧结是一种将原始材料(粉末或液体)转化为陶瓷材料的过程,” 本研究的通讯作者,北卡罗来纳州立大学,机械与航空航天工程系 Dr. Cheryl Xu 教授介绍道。“本研究中,我们重点研究了一种超高温陶瓷材料——HfC。传统方法要求在至少2200摄氏度的高温下,用大型高功率炉将材料烧结,这不仅耗能巨大,还受限于设备规模。”
“我们的方法更快、更简单,而且能耗更低。”
这一新方法通过在惰性气氛(如真空或氩气)中,将120瓦的激光照射到液态高分子前驱体表面,实现陶瓷的烧结。激光首先将液体转化为固态聚合物,然后进一步将其转化为陶瓷。这种称为 “选择性激光反应热解”(Selective Laser Reaction Pyrolysis, SLRP)的工艺,代表了一种完全不同于传统制造陶瓷的方式。
“这是一种热驱动反应,与传统依赖光聚合的制造方法截然不同。” Dr. Xu 指出。“激光诱导局部区域升温至近2000°C甚至更高,在几秒级时间内即可完成陶瓷化过程。这种过程不仅能耗低,还可实现可编程制造,适用于局部图案化或涂层。”
与光固化立体光刻技术(SLA)不同,SLRP工艺不依赖于粉末悬浮液或紫外光固化树脂,也无需脱脂与高温烧结等后处理步骤。这一突破使高熔点陶瓷的增材制造更具可行性,尤其是在航天与国防领域。
研究团队已成功使用该方法将 HfC 陶瓷均匀地沉积在碳-碳复合材料(C/C)表面。C/C是一种广泛用于极端热环境的先进材料,例如高超音速飞行器的前沿防热结构。涂层表现出优异的粘附性和热稳定性,并可通过调整激光能量密度精确控制厚度。 由于无需将整个结构置于高温炉中烧结,该技术特别适用于那些在传统工艺中易受损的材料。
“这项技术的最大优势之一是其模块化和可扩展性。该系统可集成于现有的制造平台,实现数字化、分布式制造,为个性化设计和快速原型开发提供新的可能。”
实验结果表明,该方法可在单步过程中直接合成相纯的HfC陶瓷,陶瓷转化率超过50%,显著优于传统粉末烧结或光固化打印路线。此外,研究还表明通过在前驱体中添加热引发剂和光引发剂(如DCP和BZP)可以有效调控能量吸收与反应路径。
本研究由美国空军研究实验室(Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL)和制造技术推广组织(Manufacturing Technology Deployment Group, MTDG)联合支持,彰显了前沿制造技术在高性能材料领域的广泛应用潜力。
“这项技术为极端环境下的陶瓷制造带来了重大突破,未来在航空航天、清洁能源、国防等关键领域发挥重要作用。” Dr. Xu 总结道。
“Synthesis of Hafnium Carbide (HfC) via One-Step Selective Laser Reaction Pyrolysis from Liquid Polymer Precursor”

Authors: Shalini Rajpoot, Kaushik Nonavinakere Vinod, Tiegang Fang and Chengying Xu, North Carolina State University

Published: May 14, Journal of the American Ceramic Society

DOI: 10.1111/jace.20650
Regions: North America, United States
Keywords: Applied science, Engineering, Technology, Business, Manufacturing

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