Snake-like robots represent the future of rescue. Their slender bodies allow them to navigate narrow spaces, uneven terrain, and water surfaces, entering places that would be hazardous for humans. This could potentially save lives in earthquake-prone areas, like Japan.
However, the robots may suffer from being too ‘snake-like.’ Their undulating, slithering motion requires multiple motors coordinating with each other, causing rapid battery depletion, limiting their usefulness in extended missions.
A research group led by Dr. Akio Yamano at the Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, has developed a snake-like robot artificial intelligence that optimizes its rolling movement using deep reinforcement learning. This movement is aided by a unique “observation buffer” that uses data from the robot’s sensors to analyze angular velocity, acceleration, and body state information, which stabilize the rolling motion, ensuring precise straight-line travel.
They found that a rolling motion, where the robot’s head and tail reshape into a circular structure and the snakebot rolls by shifting its center of gravity, was more efficient in certain situations, as it allowed it to use gravity rather than constant motor power.
“We found that on level ground, the rolling motion achieved approximately twice the travel speed per unit of power consumption compared with the undulating motion,” Dr. Yamano said.
The most efficient motion was using an “undulating motion” on uneven terrain and switching to a “rolling motion” on flat surfaces. Mixing rolling and undulating movements could extend mission time in disaster zones and for planetary exploration.
In the future, Dr. Yamano hopes to expand these capabilities to design robots that can compute the ideal movement, instead of simply performing pre-programmed gaits. “Our group is developing various interesting capabilities,” he said. “We aim to create robots that autonomously assess the situation and use precise navigation technologies to carry out useful tasks.”
The study was published in Robotics and Autonomous Systems.
*Videos of the
snakebot rolling movement and the
snakebot changing from rolling to a slithering motion are available. Reuse possible with credit (Osaka Metropolitan University).*
Declaration of competing interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
###
About OMU
Established in Osaka as one of the largest public universities in Japan, Osaka Metropolitan University is committed to shaping the future of society through the “Convergence of Knowledge” and the promotion of world-class research. For more research news, visit https://www.omu.ac.jp/en/ and follow us on social media: X, Instagram, LinkedIn.