Patients treated with medication for benign prostatic hyperplasia at the time of a severe acute heart attack experienced fewer serious complications from the attack, according to a study from the University of Gothenburg.
Men likely suffer from more extensive heart attacks than women. Studies have shown that male sex hormones, such as testosterone, intensify inflammation during an acute heart attack and lead to a larger area of ​​damage.
Inflammation is a key factor in the extent of heart damage when an acute heart attack is treated with balloon angioplasty, one of the most common methods for rapidly opening blocked vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle.
Protected after heart attack
The registry study, published in JAMA Network Open, shows that Swedish patients treated with finasteride for benign prostatic hyperplasia faced a lower risk of serious complications following an acute heart attack compared to patients matched to be as similar as possible in all respects other than the use of this specific drug.
Finasteride belongs to the class of drugs known as 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, which reduce the size of an enlarged prostate. The drug blocks an enzyme that converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone, a more potent and biologically active form of testosterone.
Among those treated with finasteride, the risk of serious complication was 20.8 percent, compared to 24.3 percent among the matched controls. Serious complications included, for example, cardiac arrest, severe signaling disturbances affecting heart rhythm and pumping ability, severely impaired left ventricular function, or death within 30 days.
Greater insight into the impact
The link between finasteride treatment and less severe complications following a heart attack aligned with the researchers' hypothesis. However, no significant difference was observed for patients treated with hormone medication for prostate cancer.
Hannah Colldén, a pharmacist and researcher at the University of Gothenburg, comments:
"This result contributes to the exciting field of research into how sex hormones can affect the heart, for instance during a heart attack, but it has no direct impact on patient treatment at present."
The study is based on the SWEDEHEART quality registry and national registers, including all men who suffered a severe acute heart attack, specifically an ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and underwent balloon angioplasty. Those treated with drugs affecting male sex hormones (androgen-modulating agents) were matched with similar individuals who had also suffered a heart attack but did not receive that treatment.