A latest study published in Soil Ecology Letters sheds new light on how mangrove forests adapt to rising salinity levels, a critical threat amplified by climate change. The research, led by Mr. Shamim Ahmed from the Technical University of Munich, demonstrates how soil nutrients and leaf area index (LAI) interact with species and structural diversity to buffer mangrove productivity against salinity stress.
The study draws on extensive data from the Sundarbans mangrove forest, one of the world's largest mangrove ecosystems. It reveals that while salinity poses significant challenges to mangrove growth, the interplay of structural diversity, nutrient availability, and functional traits like LAI can enhance forest resilience.
Key findings include:

• Structural diversity outperformed species diversity in buffering salinity impacts on forest growth.
• Nutrient availability (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) and LAI were pivotal in optimizing mangrove productivity under saline conditions.
• Combined models integrating structural diversity, nutrients, and LAI significantly improved predictions of forest growth, providing a valuable tool for conservation and management.

“Our research highlights the untapped potential of functional traits and nutrient management to sustain mangrove growth in the face of climate challenges,” said Mr. Ahmed. “This work has far-reaching implications for coastal forest conservation, particularly in regions like the Sundarbans, where rising sea levels and salinity are imminent threats.”
The study emphasizes the importance of incorporating structural, species diversity, and functional traits into growth models, offering new strategies for managing mangrove ecosystems under changing environmental conditions. These insights could help guide conservation efforts and adaptive management practices, ensuring the sustainability of mangrove forests worldwide.
DOI ：10.1007/s42832-025-0299-x