高效烹饪让营养更好吸收
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高效烹饪让营养更好吸收


塞维利亚大学食品色彩与质量实验室的研究人员针对西红柿和胡萝卜,研究了不同烹饪方法,如烤箱、微波炉、空气炸锅等对类胡萝卜素含量的影响,亦即这些物质在经过人体消化后到底有多少能真正被肠胃吸收。研究显示,这一指标称为生物可利用率(Bioaccessibility),会根据烹饪方式不同而产生显著差异。类胡萝卜素是身体的重要营养元素,因此非常重要。

以胡萝卜为例,经烤箱烹饪后,其总类胡萝卜素的生物可利用度最高可达原来的9倍。对于西红柿,无论采用空气炸锅(190 ℃ 10 分钟)还是传统烤箱(180 ℃ 20 分钟)烹饪,均可获得最高的生物利用度,且两种方法之间无显著差异。尽管生物利用度的提升幅度较小,仅增加至1.5倍,但与生食相比仍有显著提升。

研究人员还特别指出,西红柿中维生素A前体类胡萝卜素(α-胡萝卜素和β-胡萝卜素)的生物可及性增加幅度尤为明显,分别达到生胡萝卜的26–38倍和46–71倍。因此,烹饪有时是一种被忽视的影响因子,可用于应对维生素A缺乏症,而该病症是全球范围内最严重的营养问题之一。

能源效率

这些研究的最大创新之处在于识别出在单位电力消耗下能够最大程度提高生物可利用率的烹饪方式。对于胡萝卜来说,与传统烤箱相比,微波加热是效率最高的烹饪方式,可将电力消耗降低96%。对于西红柿来说,使用空气炸锅不仅能获得最高的生物可利用率,还能减少 80% 的耗能。

这些研究成果近期发表在《食物与功能》(Food & Function)2024年和《食品化学》(Food Chemistry)2026年期刊,为从营养和能源角度定义“可持续厨房”的概念提供实验证据。研究人员认为,如果这一概念能推广并应用到数以百万计的家庭和餐饮场所,将为构建更可持续的食品体系做出巨大贡献。

对公共健康与营养美容的影响

类胡萝卜素是促进健康极为重要的化合物。其中一些元素,如α-和β-胡萝卜素,是维生素A的组成元素,而维生素A作为一种必需的营养素参与身体多种营养吸收过程。此外,胡萝卜和西红柿都是无色类胡萝卜素,也叶黄素(fitoeno)和脱氢叶黄素(fitoflueno)的良好来源。由于这些物质具有生物活性且能积聚在皮肤中,同时通过吸收紫外线辐射来保护皮肤。

Benítez-González, A. M., Stinco, C. M., Rodríguez-Pulido, F. J., & Meléndez-Martínez, A. J. (2026). Thermal processing of tomatoes by air frying and baking: effects on coloured and colourless carotenoid bioaccessibility. Food Chemistry, 508, 148311.
Regions: Europe, Spain
Keywords: Health, Food

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