研究人员定位精神分裂症谱系障碍患者早期阶段受损最严重的是大脑区域
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研究人员定位精神分裂症谱系障碍患者早期阶段受损最严重的是大脑区域


塞维利亚大学研究团队已确认精神分裂症谱系障碍(Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders, SSD)患者大脑结构损伤的潜在起源。这些大脑区域在疾病初期阶段会呈现显著形态改变,其程度远超同龄及同性别的神经典型人群预期值。此外,本研究结果也显示,SSD患者在颞叶、扣带叶和岛叶等不同区域之间的结构相似性显著降低。

越来越多的研究支持这一假设:精神疾病最初表现在特定大脑区域的结构异常,随后通过大脑连接并扩散到其他区域。精神分裂症谱系障碍特征是脑部发育异常,例如会减低大脑皮层体积、面积和厚度,这些与认知缺陷和严重症状相关的改变,会呈现出特定脑区域网络的内部断连模式。

不同皮层区域之间的结构相似性可通过基于形态测量的逆发散度(Morphometric Inverse Divergence, MIND)网络进行,该方法是利用结构磁共振成像(MRI)衍生的特征参数,如体积、表面面积和皮层厚度估测。这些脑网络可量化出不同大脑区域之间的形态相似度,其中较低的MIND值表明结构相似度较低,并可解释为这些区域之间存在更大的形态连接断开。

研究人员针对195名健康对照组和352名精神分裂症谱系障碍患者,以新方法构建MIND网络,并与健康人群相比,精神分裂症谱系障碍患者(SSD)主要表现在颞叶、扣带叶和岛叶的结构相似性显著降低。在临床状态更差的个体则表现在认知功能更加衰退和症状更严重,也就是这种相似度降低现象更为显著。此外,这些改变主要集中在较晚成熟的高阶关联大脑区域,而这些区域对复杂认知功能至关重要。

本研究还鉴定出结构损伤的潜在起源“震央”,相较于同龄及同性别的神经典型预期值人群,在疾病早期阶段会呈现最显著的形态改变。

最终研究结果为把46项神经生物学特征与MIND网络相关联,结果揭示精神分裂症谱系障碍(SSD)患者相似度较低的大脑区域富含星形胶质细胞和神经递质(如多巴胺、血清素)的高度表现,同时皮层代谢和微结构则相对减少。

这些发现作为结构相似性、成熟过程与神经生物学在决定SSD患者临床状态的复杂交互作用中提供了佐证,因此这个研究方法有望推动基于个体生物学与临床特征的结构性生物标志物的开发及建立个性化治疗策略。

García-San-Martín, N., Bethlehem, R.A., Segura, P. et al. Reduced brain structural similarity is associated with maturation, neurobiological features, and clinical status in schizophrenia. Nat Commun 16, 8745 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-63792-6
Regions: Europe, Spain
Keywords: Health, Medical, Well being

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