Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) efficiently convert ambient mechanical energy into electricity, making them promising for powering flexible electronics through human motion. However, the pulsed AC output and low current are incompatible with devices requiring steady power. Thus, TENGs must be integrated with suitable energy storage systems to ensure stable operation.
Micro supercapacitors (MSCs) are ideal energy storage devices due to their small size, high power density, rapid charge/discharge capability, and excellent flexibility. Therefore, integrating TENGs with MSCs enables the construction of self-charging power systems that effectively combine the advantages of both energy harvesting and storage. However, the conductive layers of TENGs and the electrodes of MSCs usually rely on complex fabrication processes such as 3D printing, laser cutting, and electrodeposition. Although these methods offer high precision and good controllability, they involve complicated procedures and expensive equipment, which limit their large-scale production and practical application.
Herein, a novel self-charging power supply system is designed by integrating TENG and MSC. The conductive layer of TENG is prepared by dip-spin-coating MXene paste, and the MSC electrode is prepared by mask-assisted vacuum filtration of graphene solution. Pressing the TENG with the palm of the hand for 147 s, the series MSC array can be charged to 1.6 V, which can power an electronic watch for 25 s with a high charging efficiency of 0.653 V/min.
The research provides an easy and economical solution to self-charging system for wearable electronic devices.

DOI：10.1016/j.apmate.2025.100341